George Frideric Handel's Messiah stands as a cornerstone of Western musical tradition, a breathtaking oratorio that continues to captivate audiences centuries after its premiere. Its power stems not only from Handel's genius but also from the profound biblical verses that form its very foundation. This exploration delves into the key scripture passages that inspired this immortal work, revealing the rich tapestry of theological and musical artistry woven into its fabric.
The Old Testament's Prophetic Voice: Foundations of Hope and Prophecy
The first part of Messiah draws heavily from the Old Testament, establishing the prophecies surrounding the coming Messiah and setting the stage for the drama to unfold. These passages paint a picture of longing, anticipation, and the divine promise of salvation.
Isaiah 9:6-7: "For unto us a child is born, unto us a son is given: and the government shall be upon his shoulder: and his name shall be called Wonderful, Counsellor, The mighty God, The everlasting Father, The Prince of Peace."
This iconic verse, found in the "Comfort ye" aria, lays the groundwork for the entire oratorio. It speaks of the Messiah's divine nature and his role as the Prince of Peace, themes that resonate throughout the work. Handel masterfully sets the text, creating a sense of awe and reverence.
Isaiah 40:3-5, 9: "The voice of him that crieth in the wilderness, Prepare ye the way of the Lord, make straight in the desert a highway for our God… O Zion, that bringest good tidings, get thee up into the high mountain; O Jerusalem, that bringest good tidings, lift up thy voice with strength; lift it up, be not afraid; say unto the cities of Judah, Behold your God!"
These verses, often associated with the "Every valley shall be exalted" aria, depict the preparation for the Messiah's arrival. The imagery of the wilderness being made straight symbolizes the spiritual cleansing necessary to receive the Savior. Handel's music evokes a sense of grandeur and anticipation.
Isaiah 53: The entire 53rd chapter of Isaiah is a powerful prophecy describing the suffering servant. This forms the basis for several poignant sections of Messiah, including the "He was despised and rejected of men" aria, which portrays the Messiah's humility and sacrifice. The verses graphically depict Jesus' suffering, powerfully foreshadowing his crucifixion.
The New Testament's Narrative: The Life, Death, and Resurrection of Christ
The second and third parts of Messiah shift focus to the New Testament, narrating the events of Christ's life, death, and resurrection. These sections are rich in dramatic intensity and emotional depth.
The Gospels (Matthew, Mark, Luke, John): Handel draws upon the Gospels extensively, weaving together narratives of the Nativity, the Passion, and the Resurrection. The "Hallelujah" chorus, for instance, takes inspiration from Revelation 19:6, celebrating the triumph of the Lamb of God. However, the Gospels themselves furnish the foundation for the Christmas story and the details of Jesus’ ministry, trial, and crucifixion. Handel carefully selects verses to highlight key moments in the life of Christ, creating a powerful and moving narrative.
John 1:1-14: "In the beginning was the Word, and the Word was with God, and the Word was God… And the Word was made flesh, and dwelt among us." This profound passage, central to Christian theology, is incorporated into the opening choruses, establishing the divinity of Christ.
Revelation 19:6: "And I heard as it were the voice of a great multitude, and as the voice of many waters, and as the voice of mighty thunderings, saying, Alleluia: for the Lord God omnipotent reigneth." This is the foundation for the majestic "Hallelujah" chorus, a cornerstone of the oratorio, celebrating the ultimate triumph of Christ and the reign of God.
Beyond the Verses: The Spiritual Power of Handel's Messiah
Handel's Messiah is more than just a setting of biblical text; it is a profound artistic expression of faith and hope. Handel's musical genius elevates the biblical narrative, transforming it into an experience that transcends mere storytelling. The power of the work lies not only in the words themselves, but also in the way Handel's music captures the emotions, drama, and spiritual significance of these verses. The combination of the sacred texts and Handel's musical interpretation creates a truly transcendent artistic achievement, continuing to inspire and move audiences across cultures and generations.
